Driving in the United States often means facing unpredictable weather, from sudden summer downpours to slushy winter roads. One of the most critical skills for a safe driver is knowing how to handle hydroplaning—a dangerous phenomenon that can happen in the blink of an eye.
What exactly is Hydroplaning?
Hydroplaning is defined as a condition where your tires lose their grip on the road surface and ride like skis on a thin film of water. When there is standing water on a roadway, your tires try to channel it away to maintain contact with the pavement. However, as your speed increases, the tires can no longer move the water fast enough, causing the vehicle to lose all friction.
The Danger Zones: Speed and Tires
- The 35 MPH Rule: In a standard passenger car, partial hydroplaning can begin at speeds as low as 35 mph, even when water is only 1/10 of an inch deep.
- The 55 MPH Limit: At speeds of 55 mph or higher, tires may lose total contact with the road. If this happens, you lose the ability to brake, accelerate, or steer.
- Tire Tread: Hydroplaning is less likely to occur if your vehicle is equipped with tires that have adequate water-channeling tread. Driving on bald or worn tires significantly increases your risk.
- Environmental Triggers: A sudden gust of wind or a slight change in road level can trigger a dangerous skid if your vehicle is already hydroplaning.
How to Prevent the Slide
The best way to avoid hydroplaning is to follow these core safety principles:
- Slow Down: This is the most effective preventative measure; hydroplaning can be reduced by driving slower.
- Seek High Ground: In heavy rain, try to drive on the highest point of the road, such as the center lane of a multiple-lane highway.
- Avoid Puddles: Watch for standing water and slush, as these are primary triggers for potholes and hydroplaning issues.
Recovering Control: What to Do
If you feel your steering become "light" or the vehicle starts to slide, do not panic. What should an operator do if the vehicle starts to hydroplane? Follow these steps:
- Keep both hands on the steering wheel to maintain a steady course.
- Slowly take your foot off the gas pedal. Letting the car slow down naturally allows the tire tread to regain contact with the road.
- Avoid sudden movements: Do not slam on the brakes or turn the wheel sharply, as hydroplaning can cause your vehicle to skid even further.
- Brake Gently: If you must use your brakes, use a light touch to avoid locking your wheels.
Driver Knowledge Check
- Hydroplaning is usually caused by: Excessive speed on wet roadways.
- True or False? In order to prevent hydroplaning, you should avoid the outer edges of the road where water collects. (True—drive on the highest point instead) .
- Can you hydroplane at 45 mph? Yes. While some drivers ask, "Will you not hydroplane at 45 mph?", the reality is that risk begins at 35 mph.
By maintaining your vehicle and adjusting your speed to the conditions, you can ensure a safe journey regardless of the weather.